Spray and engine performance of cerium oxide nanopowder and carbon nanotubes modified alternative fuel

• Adding CeO 2 nanopowder and CNT as fuel additives leads to reduced emissions. Fuel reduce the penetration of DF during injection at low ambient pressure. increases GTL after injection. Higher pressure or temperature a increased average cone angle. Penetration reduces with growing This work aims experimentally investigate demonstrate impacts using Cerium Oxide (CeO ) multi-wall carbon nanotube (CNT) blended alternative fuel, which is gas-to-liquid (GTL) in this study, compared diesel (DF) on engine performance study macroscopic spray characteristics through Constant Volume Vessel (CVV). Results nanotubes have very limited angle fuel. can individually under small when whilst effect less significant because smaller density lighter compositions promote its breakup process. In post-injection period, molecules are than Consequently, more stay inside nanotubes, only evaporate two ends, thus results an overall evaporation rate. Moreover, experiments also that independent rail pressure, but it be by decreasing increasing temperature. During injection, both influence penetration, end has it. The experiment indicates nitrogen oxides, unburnt hydrocarbons particulate number emissions simultaneously for due catalysis high-temperature conditions, weaker reducing oxides